All posts by John Hughes

LS32, WONS

Day 2

Chapter 1, Introductory (Conclusion).

Day 2 Text with annotationsPlay MP3

Having last month considered the teaching of the last Sun-Moon-Light Buddha, we consider Sun-Moon-Light Buddha’s preaching of the Lotus Flower of the Wonderful Dharma, the Dharma for Bodhisattvas, the Dharma Upheld by the Buddhas.

“Maitreya, know this! There were two thousand million Bodhisattvas in that congregation. They wished to hear the Dharma. They were astonished at seeing the Buddha-worlds illumined by this ray of light. They wished to know why the Buddha was emitting this ray of light.

“At that time there was a Bodhisattva called Wonderful-Light. He had eight hundred disciples. Sun-Moon-Light Buddha emerged from his samādhi, and expounded the sūtra of the Great Vehicle to Wonderful-Light Bodhisattva and others without rising from his seat for sixty small kalpas. It was called the ‘Lotus Flower of the Wonderful Dharma, the Dharma for Bodhisattvas, the Dharma Upheld by the Buddhas.’ The hearers in the congregation also sat in the same place for sixty small kalpas, and their bodies and minds were motionless. They thought that they had heard the Buddha expounding the Dharma for only a mealtime. None of them felt tired in body or mind. Having completed the expounding of this sūtra at the end of the period of sixty small kalpas, Sun-Moon-Light Buddha said to the Brahmans, Maras, śramaṇas, brahmanas, gods, men, and asuras, ‘I shall enter into the Nirvāṇa-without-remainder at midnight tonight.’

In Nichiren’s writings he explains that the teaching of the Lotus Sūtra took place in three assemblies over the last eight years of the Buddha’s teaching. From that we have today 28 chapters in eight volumes.

Bodhisattva Mañjuśrī and the Venerable Ānanda used the daimoku of Myōhō Renge Kyō to indicate the entirety of the teaching of the Lotus Sūtra in three assemblies over the period of the last eight years of the Buddha’s teaching; and to indicate that this is what they meant the sutra begins with the words “Thus have I heard.”

Shishin Gohon-shō, The Four Depths of Faith and Five Stages of Practice, Writings of Nichiren Shōnin, Faith and Practice, Volume 4, Pages 106-107

Source
What would a teaching that required sixty small kalpas look like? Myōhō Renge Kyō, of course.

Namu Myōhō Renge Kyō

Daily Dharma

Daily Dharma – Feb. 14, 2019

If you wish to obtain quickly the knowledge
Of the equality and differences of all things,
Keep this sūtra, and also make offerings
To the keeper of this sūtra!

The Buddha sings these verses to Medicine-King Bodhisattva at the beginning of Chapter Ten of the Lotus Sūtra. When we see things for what they are, how they are similar and how they are different, we see them with the eyes of the Buddha. This Wonderful Dharma in the Lotus Sūtra is the Buddha showing us how to open our eyes to the joys and wonders that exist in this world of conflict and suffering. When we find something valuable, we offer it our time, our thoughts and our devotion. By making offerings to this Wonderful Dharma, and to all those who keep it, our eyes open even more to the truth of our lives.

The Daily Dharma is produced by the Lexington Nichiren Buddhist Community. To subscribe to the daily emails, visit zenzaizenzai.com

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Nichiren’s Shift of Textual Grounding for Ichinen Sanzen

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In a letter to a follower Nichiren wrote:

“There are two methods of contemplating the three thousand realms in one thought-moment. One is that of principle (ri), and the other that of actuality (ji). In the time of T’ien-t’ai [Chih-i] and Dengyo [Saichō], that of principle was appropriate. Now is the time for that of actuality. Because this [form of] contemplation is superior, the great ordeals [attending its propagation] are also more severe. One [i.e., that of principle] is ichinen sanzen of the trace teaching (shakumon), while the other is ichinen sanzen of the origin teaching (honmon). They differ, differ vastly, like heaven and earth.”

“Now” is of course the Final Dharma age: Nichiren’s “three thousand realms in one thought-moment” represents teaching and practice expressly for the time of Mappō. But what exactly is the “vast difference” he claims between his teaching of ichinen sanzen and that of the earlier T’ient’ai/Tendai masters?

First of all, the passage just cited alludes to a difference in textual locus. … Chih-i derived the concept of the three thousand realms in one thought-moment from the trace teaching or first fourteen chapters of the Lotus Sūtra; it represents his attempt to conceptualize the “true aspect of the dharmas” (shohō jissō) referred to in the “Skillful Means” chapter. For Nichiren, however, this doctrine “is found only in the origin teaching of the Lotus Sūtra, hidden in the depths of the text of the ‘Fathoming the Lifespan’ chapter.” This shift of textual grounding for the ichinen sanzen doctrine is related to the larger context of medieval Tendai thought, which … saw the latter part of the sūtra as superior to the former in its revelation of nonlinear, original enlightenment. (Page 264)

Original Enlightenment and the Transformation of Medieval Japanese Buddhism


Profound

Tying Teaching, Practice and Doctrine Together

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With regard to sūtra that means garlands being tied together (flan Chieh-man), Chih-i elucidates that to tie teaching, practice and doctrine together is like garlands being tied together to prevent them from scattering. The Four Siddhāntas function to tie up either teaching, or practice, or doctrine, which accomplish the three wheels of the Buddha respectively (for Chih-i regards the verbal turning wheel as indicating teaching, body-wheel as indicating practice, and the wheel of knowing the mind of others as indicating doctrine). (Vol. 2, Page 392)

The Profound Meaning of the Lotus Sutra: Tien-tai Philosophy of Buddhism


LS32, WONS

Day 1

Day 1 covers the first half of Chapter 1, Introductory

Day 1 Text with annotationsPlay MP3

Having last month considered the offerings of the Bodhisattvas to stupa-mausoleums, we conclude today’s portion of Chapter 1, Introductory.

The worlds [of the Buddha] naturally become
As wonderful and as beautiful
As the [flowers] of the kingly tree
In full bloom on the top of Mt. Sumeru.
The multitude of this congregation and I
Can see the various wonderful things
Of those worlds
By the ray of light of the Buddha [of this world].

The supernatural powers of the Buddha
And his wisdom are rare.
He is illumining innumerable worlds
By emitting a pure ray of light.
We were astonished
At seeing [those worlds].

Mañjuśrī, Son of the Buddha!
Remove our doubts!
The four kinds of devotees
Are looking up with joy at you and me,
Wishing to know why this ray of light is emitted
By the World-Honored One.

Son of the Buddha, answer me!
Remove our doubts and cause us to rejoice!
For what purpose is the Buddha
Emitting this ray of light?

Does he wish to expound the Wonderful Dharma
Which he attained when he was sitting
At the place of enlightenment?
Does he wish to assure us of our future Buddhahood?

He shows us the worlds of the Buddhas
Adorned with many treasures.
We can see the Buddhas of those worlds.
This cannot be for some insignificant reason.

Mañjuśrī, know this!
The four kinds of devotees and the dragons
Are looking at you, thinking:
“What is he going to say?”

Nichiren’s writes about the great omens in the Introductory chapter:

Among all the Buddhist scriptures preached by the Buddha there is no sūtra which does not mention the trembling of the earth in six different ways. However, the shaking of the earth in six ways when the Buddha was about to expound the Lotus Sūtra was so striking that the living beings who gathered to listen to Him were all startled and it moved Bodhisattva Maitreya to ask what was happening, prompting Bodhisattva Mañjuśrī to answer. This shows that the omen for the preaching of the Lotus Sūtra was much greater and longer than the omens of other sūtras that the question concerning it was more difficult to respond to. Therefore, Grand Master Miao-lê states in his Annotations on the Words and Phrases of the Lotus Sūtra, fascicle 2, “Which Mahayana sūtra does not have the omens such as a crowd of living beings gathered together like a cloud, emitting of light from the forehead of the Buddha, the rain of flowers from the heaven, and trembling of the earth? However, they have never caused such a great concern as this.” This means that every sūtra has a preface before preaching the main discourse, but no preface is accompanied by such great omens like those that accompanied the preface of the Lotus Sūtra.

Zuisō Gosho, Writing on Omens, Writings of Nichiren Shōnin, Volume 6, Followers I, Page 122

Daily Dharma

Daily Dharma – Feb. 13, 2019

Needless to say, so will be the merits of the person
Who keeps this sūtra, gives alms, observes the precepts,
Practices patience, prefers dhyāna-concentrations,
And does not get angry or speak ill of others.

The Buddha sings these verses in Chapter Seventeen of the Lotus Sūtra. In this chapter, he explains that anyone who understands his ever-present existence, even for a moment, will gain the merit of ridding themselves of innumerable delusions. In his previous teachings on the perfections of a Bodhisattva, he showed that our practices of generosity, discipline, patience, enthusiastic perseverance, concentration and wisdom, all these will help us to see the world as it is. Realizing that the Buddha is always here teaching us helps us to look for him. But this realization does not obscure the necessity of putting his teachings into practice so that we may benefit all beings.

The Daily Dharma is produced by the Lexington Nichiren Buddhist Community. To subscribe to the daily emails, visit zenzaizenzai.com

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Nichiren’ Soteric Modalities

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[I]t is the “outer” soteric modality of giving one’s life for the Lotus Sūtra that frames the story of Nichiren’s career. His refusal to compromise his exclusive devotion to the Lotus, his conviction in his unique mission, his intemperate attacks on influential clerics and deliberate provoking of authorities, and his fortitude in the face of danger and privation left for his followers a model of “not begrudging bodily life,” and the persisting charisma of his image as prophet, martyr, and emissary of the Buddha formed the pivot around which the later Nichiren tradition would define its identity. However, behind Nichiren’s mandate that one should be ready to give one’s life for the Lotus Sūtra lies the question of what exactly about the Lotus Sūtra he thought worth dying for. This brings us to Nichiren’s “inner” soteric modality, that of realizing Buddhahood in the moment of chanting the daimoku that lies at the heart of his mature teaching. (Page 264)

Original Enlightenment and the Transformation of Medieval Japanese Buddhism


Profound

Aspects of Sūtra

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Chih-i illustrates that sūtra that is taken as the foundation for teaching (Chiao-pen) entails two aspects. On the one hand, it means that, based on single truth from the Word of the Buddha, there flow out countless speeches and teachings, such as the Common and Separate Teachings that can cause beings to attain the Path. On the other hand, based on the teaching of the Buddha, the bodhisattvas have made vast commentaries to explain the meanings in sūtras, which can also cause others to attain the Path. Sūtra that is taken as the foundation for practice (Hsin-pen) means that when one practices according to the teaching of the Buddha (whether it is Common or Separate Teaching), through these various Dharma-doors, one is able to attain the Ultimate Truth. Sūtra that is taken as the foundation for doctrine (I-pen) means that one doctrine can be derived from one sentence, and countless doctrines can be derived from countless sentences. It can also be the case that countless doctrines are derived from one sentence, and one doctrine is derived from countless sentences. Chih-i comments that summarizing these three aspects (teaching, practice and doctrine) in terms of the Dharma-door means that they are identical to the three ways to wisdom: hearing, thinking and cultivation (Wen Ssu Hsiu; Skt., śrutactābhāvanā), respectively. (Vol. 2, Page 391)

The Profound Meaning of the Lotus Sutra: Tien-tai Philosophy of Buddhism


LS32

Day 32

Day 32 covers Chapter 28, The Encouragement of Universal-Sage Bodhisattva, closing the Eighth Volume of the Sutra of the Lotus Flower of the Wonderful Dharma.

Day 32 Text with annotationsPlay MP3

Having last month heard Śākyamuni Buddha’s praise for anyone who keeps, reads and recites the Sūtra of the Lotus Flower of the Wonderful Dharma, we conclude Chapter 28, The Encouragement of Universal-Sage Bodhisattva

When the Buddha expounded this chapter of the Encouragement of Universal-Sage, as many Bodhisattvas as there are sands in the River Ganges obtained the dhārāṇis by which they could memorize hundreds of thousands of billions of repetitions of teachings, and as many Bodhisattvas as the particles of dust of one thousand million Sumeru-worlds [understood how to] practice the Way of Universal-Sage.

When the Buddha expounded this sūtra, the great congregation including the Bodhisattvas headed by Universal-Sage, the Śrāvakas headed by Śāriputra, and the other living beings such as gods, dragons, men and nonhuman beings, had great joy, kept the words of the Buddha, bowed [to him], and retired.

[Here ends] the Eighth Volume of the Sūtra of the Lotus Flower of the Wonderful Dharma.

The Introduction to the Lotus Sutra offers this on The Merits of This Teaching:

[Chapter 28, The Encouragement of Universal-Sage Bodhisattva] is the last chapter of the Lotus Sutra. By the merits of this teaching, as many Bodhisattvas as there are sands in the River Ganges obtained the dharanis of Samantabhadra Bodhisattva, and as many Bodhisattvas as the particles of dust filling the great universe grasped how to practice the Way of Universal-Sage.

When the Buddha finished expounding this Sutra, all the congregation, including Bodhisattvas, deities, and other living beings, rejoiced greatly, memorized the words of the Buddha, bowed before him, and departed from Mount Sacred Eagle.

Introduction to the Lotus Sutra

Summer Writings

Urabon-e

The formal name of O-Bon is “Urabon-e.” This name comes from the Sanskrit “Ullambana.” It means “Extreme suffering like hanging upside down.” There is a well-known story about one of the Buddha’s disciples, which explains how and why O-Bon originated.

“2500 years ago, when the Buddha was still alive, there was one disciple who had supernatural powers. He was the disciple who was said to be foremost in supernatural powers, and it was said that he could see the future and the past, even all spiritual worlds, including Hell. His name was Mokuren (Sanskrit: Maudgalyayana). Unfortunately his mother had died when he was young. After he obtained his supernatural powers under the Buddha’s training, as he was concerned about his mother, he tried to check where she had been reborn. First he searched the top level, the Enlightened-World, but he could not find her. Then he searched the middle level, and he still could not find her. Finally, he found his mother in a lower level, the Gaki Suffering World, just above Hell. He was so upset, because she was hanging upside-down and suffering. She looked miserable. Her stomach was swollen, her face was dark and the muscles and skin drooped. Her eyes were sunken because of starvation. Seeing the state of suffering she was in, he tried to feed her some food using his supernatural powers. He tried to give her some food, but when she brought the food to her mouth it turned into fire and she got burned. He was terribly upset and tried to give her cold water, but just as before, when she tried putting the water to her mouth it turned to fire, and she was burned more seriously. Mokuren rushed to the Buddha to consult Him about his mother’s situation, and the Buddha asked him, ‘Did you offer food or water to anyone else?’ Mokuren replied, ‘No, just my mother.’ The Buddha said, ‘Your mother dropped into the Gaki Suffering World because she was very stingy and did not share with others. If you want to save your mother, you should feed not only her, but all suffering spirits.’ The Buddha advised Mokuren to invite as many monks as he could to come, prepare as much food and water as he could, and then hold a service for all suffering spirits. Mokuren invited the monks when their summer training was completed on July 15, and they offered food and water, and chanted the Buddha’s teachings for the spirits. Once Mokuren followed the Buddha’s advice, his mother was able to receive water and food, and she also moved up to a better level of the spiritual world.”

Since that episode, July 15 has been an important day to save all suffering spirits, and became known as O-bon. In Buddhism we are able to save all suffering spirits – even spirits who have dropped into Hell.

Summer Writings