All posts by John Hughes

The Rat and Snake of Shinano Province

A governor of Shinano Province completed his tour of duty in the province and went to the capital. During the journey he noticed that he was accompanied by a three-foot-long snake. During the day the snake either preceded or followed him; at night it coiled under his clothes chest.

When they saw this, people felt very uneasy and spoke to the governor. One man told him, “The snake should be killed.” But the governor stopped him and would not allow him to kill the snake. The governor prayed silently, “Is this due to the deity of this province or to the evil inflicted by the spirit of someone living or dead? Possess me and reveal the truth in my dream.”

The night the governor dreamed that a man in speckled hunting clothes knelt before him and said, “I have been accompanying you to kill an old enemy of mine who has been hiding in your clothes chest. If I can have him, I will no longer follow you.” The governor awoke and realized that the snake had said this.

In the morning the governor looked inside the chest and found a frightened old rat crouching at the bottom. The people who saw this said, “You should let it go.” But the merciful governor thought, “If I drive the rat out now, he will surely be swallowed up by the snake, and so it is better not to let him go.”

For the sake of the snake and the rat, the governor made a copy of the Hokekyō and had a service of dedication performed on that same day. That night two handsome men, dressed in fine white clothes, appeared in his dream. They said to him respectfully:

“We have been old enemies during successive lives and have killed each other for many generations. However, thanks to the influence of your virtuous deed, we have now left our sinful state and are to be reborn in the Tōri Heaven. For generations we will not be able to repay you for your great virtue.”

After they had said this, they ascended into the sky, which was filled with soft music. In the morning, when the governor woke up, he found that the snake and the rat were both dead. (Page 140-141)

Miraculous Tales of the Lotus Sutra from Ancient Japan


Daily Dharma – April 24, 2019

The king and queen took off their necklaces of pearls worth hundreds of thousands, and strewed the necklaces to the Buddha. The necklaces flew up to the sky [seven times as high as the tāla-tree], and changed into a jeweled platform equipped with four pillars. On the platform was a couch of great treasures, and thousands of millions of heavenly garments were spread [on the couch]. The Buddha [went up,] sat cross-legged [on the couch], and emitted great rays of light. King Wonderful-Adornment thought, ‘The Buddha is exceptional. He is exceedingly handsome. He has the most wonderful form.’

The Buddha uses this description as part of the story of King Wonderful-Adornment in Chapter Twenty-Seven of the Lotus Sūtra. This King was led by the supernatural powers of his children to meet Cloud-Thunderpeal-Star-King Flower-Wisdom Buddha who was teaching the Wonderful Dharma in that world. The King and his wife the Queen were both so inspired by that Buddha that they allowed the symbols of their wealth and power to be transformed into a sacred platform from which the Buddha could lead all beings to enlightenment. When they found that Buddha, the beauty of his wisdom far outshone the beauty of their jewels.

The Daily Dharma is produced by the Lexington Nichiren Buddhist Community. To subscribe to the daily emails, visit zenzaizenzai.com

Lessons of the Rich Man and Poor Son

Chih-i quotes passages in the “Chapter On Faith and Understanding” in the Lotus Sūtra concerning the parable about the rich father and his poor son, in order to analogize the Buddha’s teaching in terms of five periods.

  1. The passage about the rich father dispatching an attendant to follow his poor son in order to bring him back, and the poor son being terrified, analogizes the Avataṃsaka teaching in the first period that belongs to the Sudden teaching. Chih-i asserts that this is as if from the cow, one extracts fresh milk.
  2. The passage about the rich father wishing to entice his son, putting his son to hard work, while disguising himself in dirty clothes as an expedient means in order to approach his son and to keep him at work clearing away dung for twenty years, analogizes the Tripitaka Teaching in the second period that caters to the śrāvakas. Chih-i articulates that this is like from fresh milk, one extracts cream, and from the twelve types of scripture, sūtras are produced.
  3. The passage about the poor son at the end of this time gaining confidence in himself, and coming and going without anxiety, though he was lodged in the same place as before, analogizes the Vaipulya teaching in the third period. Chih-i declares that this is like from cream, one extracts curdled milk, and from sūtras, the Vaipulya Sūtras are produced. In this period, the Buddha begins to expound the Greater Vehicle, though the śrāvakas still dwell in the teaching of the Lesser Vehicle.
  4. The passage about the rich father telling his son about his treasure houses and his son is conferred to be in charge of the multitude of things, and yet his son had no craving for so much as a single meal, and continued to live as before in the same place, analogizes the Prajn͂āpāramitā teaching in the fourth period. This is like from curdled milk, one extracts butter, and from the Vaipulya Sūtras, the Prajn͂āpāramitāsūtra is produced. Chih-i remarks that the Prajn͂āpāramitā teaching concerns wisdom, and wisdom is treasure.
  5. The passage about the rich father declaring the father and son relationship to the multitude, and the poor son being rejoiced and greatly bequeathing all riches of his father which he had never had before, analogizes the Saddharmapuṇḍarīka-Mahāparinirvāṇa teaching in the fifth period. Chih-i articulates that this is like from butter, one extracts ghee, and from the Prajn͂āpāramitāsūtra, the Nirvāṇasūtra is produced. (Vol. 2, Page 456-457)
The Profound Meaning of the Lotus Sutra: Tien-tai Philosophy of Buddhism


Day 6

Day 6 continues Chapter 3, A Parable

Having last month learned in gāthās about the owner and his concern for his children in the burning house, we consider in gāthās his expedient idea to get his children to leave the house.

The rich man
Thought:
“They are ignorant.
My anxiety deepens
There is nothing pleasant
In this house.
But they are engrossed
In playing.
They do not listen to me.
They will be burned to death.”

At the time
He thought of an expedient.
He said to them:
“I have many kinds of toys.
They are beautiful carts
Made of wonderful treasures.
They are sheep-carts, deer-carts,
And large bullock-carts.
They are outside the gate.
Come out!
I made those carts
For you.
Play with them
As you like!”

Hearing of the carts from him,
They ran out,
Striving to be first,
And reached an open place.
They were now free
From the sufferings.

Seeing them come out
Of the burning house
To the safe crossroad,
He sat on the lion-like seat,
And said to others with joy:
“I am happy.
These children are difficult to bring up.
They are young and ignorant.
They entered the dangerous house.
In that house were
Many poisonous vermin
And many dangerous mountain spirits.
Raging flames of big fires rose
From the four sides of the house
At the same time.
But my children were
Engrossed in playing.
Now I saved them
From the dangers.
Therefore, I am happy.”

Continuing with the content from Miraculous Tales of the Lotus Sutra from Ancient Japan, we learn of Priest Chōen.

Priest Chōen

Priest Chōen of Tsukushi Province was of the Tendai Sect. He had entered into the Buddha’s Way in his youth and continued to recite the Hokekyō and worship Acala. After many years of ascetic practices, he acquired miraculous powers.

On one occasion, when Chōen was fasting for twenty-seven days and reciting the Hokekyō on Mount Katsuragi, he dreamed that the Eight Followers of Acala, all equipped with weapons, including swords and three- and five-pronged iron vajra, listened to his recitation and said admiringly, “The ascetics who serve the Buddha are the same as the Buddha and will attain the supreme enlightenment just as other bodhisattvas!”

At another time, Chōen wished to cross an ice-covered river. Unable to locate the shallow places for fording, Chōen was lamenting by the river bank. A large cow appeared from the mountain, and crossed the river several times, breaking the ice to make a passage, and vanished. Chōen safely crossed the river following the path of the cow. He clearly knew that a guardian of the Law had become a cow to assist him in crossing.

On another occasion, when crossing Mount Ōmine from Mount Kumano in the direction of Mount Mitake, Chōen lost his way. While he was fervently reciting the Hokekyō, a boy appeared in his dream and indicated the correct route, just as the verses of the Hokekyō say, “Guardians of the Law will help and show the correct path and remove the devotee’s weariness.” After waking up, Chōen took the correct route to Mount Mitake.

On another occasion, when Chōen was reciting the sūtra through the night, an old man of unusual virtue appeared before Chōen and gave his name card as he said, “I am King Uten, related to Mañjuśrī of Wu-t’ai-shan. I offer you this card on account of your great virtues and merits acquired by reciting the Hokekyō. With Mañjuśrī, I will guard you in present and future generations.”

Chōen once visited the Kiyomizu Temple and was reciting the Hokekyō through the night. A beautiful woman of noble appearance, and decorated with beads and necklaces, appeared before him with her palms together and said in praise, “Those who are in the samādhi meditation will hear the sound of the hora instrument which resounds throughout the entire universe. The voice reciting the Hokekyō will never tire the listeners.”

Unusual events happening to Chōen were numerous. This truly must have been due to power of the marvelous Law and the assistance of Acala. Who would doubt and mistrust this sūtra? Shōen passed away during the Chōkyü era. (Page 114-115)

Miraculous Tales of the Lotus Sutra from Ancient Japan


Daily Dharma – April 23, 2019

Did a god of great virtue or a Buddha
Appear somewhere in the universe?
This great light illumines
The worlds of the ten quarters.

The Brahma Heavenly Kings of the East sing these verses as part of a story the Buddha tells in Chapter Seven of the Lotus Sūtra. Long ago there was another Buddha named Great-Universal-Wisdom-Excellence. When he became enlightened, the entire universe was illuminated. Beings who had never seen each other could recognize each other clearly. We can see this story as a metaphor for what happens when the Buddha’s wisdom comes into our lives. We leave the darkness of our ego attachment and come into the light of the world as it is.

The Daily Dharma is produced by the Lexington Nichiren Buddhist Community. To subscribe to the daily emails, visit zenzaizenzai.com

The Sudden and the Gradual Teaching

In order to prove his classification of the sequence of the Buddha’s teaching, Chih-i quotes the passages from the “Chapter On Expedient Means” in the Lotus Sūtra, such as “When I first sat at the bodhimaṇḍa, whether observing or practicing, throughout three weeks, contemplating on such a thing: ‘The knowledge and wisdom I have gained is the uttermost subtle thing. Living beings with their dull faculties … . How can they be saved? I had rather not teach the dharma but enter rapidly into nirvāṇa. When I think back on the Buddhas of the past, on the power of the expedient means put into practice by them, I know that in the Path I have now gained, I too must teach the Three Vehicles.” Chih-i explains that the phrase “when I first sat at the bodhimaṇḍa” expresses the teaching that is characterized by Sudden. In Chih-i’s theory, at the beginning of the teaching career upon the Buddha’s enlightenment under the bodhi tree, the Buddha teaches the Greater Vehicle to the bodhisattvas, and this teaching belongs to the Sudden teaching. Moreover, the assertion of the Buddha that he must teach the Three Vehicles proves that after the initial teaching of the Sudden, the Buddha’s teaching of the Three Vehicles can be characterized as the Gradual teaching. (Vol. 2, Page 456)

The Profound Meaning of the Lotus Sutra: Tien-tai Philosophy of Buddhism


Day 5

Day 5 begins Chapter 3, A Parable

Having last month heard Śākyamuni’s prediction of the future Buddhahood of Śāriputra, we complete the prediction of Śāriputra future.

The kalpa in which he appears will be called Great-Treasure-Adornment. Why will it be called Great-Treasure-Adornment? It is because in that world Bodhisattvas will be regarded as great treasures. The number of the Bodhisattvas [in that world] will be countless, inconceivable, beyond any mathematical calculation, beyond inference by any parable or simile. No one will know the number except the Buddha who has the power of wisdom. When those Bodhisattvas wish to go somewhere, jeweled flowers will receive their feet and carry them. Those Bodhisattvas will not have just begun to aspire for enlightenment. A long time before that they will have already planted the roots of virtue, performed the brahma practices under many hundreds of thousands of billions of Buddhas, received the praises of the Buddhas, studied the wisdom of the Buddhas, obtained great supernatural powers, and understood all the teachings of the Buddhas. They will be upright, honest, and resolute in mind. The world of that Buddha will be filled with such Bodhisattvas.

“Śāriputra! The duration of the life of Flower-Light Buddha will be twelve small kalpas excluding the period in which he was a prince and had not yet attained Buddhahood. The duration of the life of the people of his world will be eight small kalpas. At the end of his life of twelve small kalpas, Flower-Light Tathāgata will assure Resolution-Fulfillment Bodhisattva of his future attainment of Anuttara-samyak-saṃbodhi, saying to the bhikṣus, ‘This Resolution-Fulfillment Bodhisattva will become a Buddha immediately after me. He will be called Flower-Foot-Easy-Walking, the Tathāgata, the Arhat, the Samyak-sambuddha. His world will be like mine.’

“Śāriputra! After the extinction of Flower-Light Buddha, his right teachings will be preserved for thirty-two small kalpas. After that the counterfeit of his right teachings will be preserved also for thirty-two small kalpas.”

Continuing with the content from Miraculous Tales of the Lotus Sutra from Ancient Japan, we learn of A Priest Who Scorned a Hokekyō Reciter.

A Priest Who Scorned a Hokekyō Reciter

Long ago, when a man of Yamashiro Province was playing a go game with a priest, a Hokekyō reciter came by and begged for food while reciting the Hokekyō. Hearing the recitation, the priest sneered at and scorned the reciter. Immediately, the priest’s mouth became twisted; he was losing his voice and became useless.

Seeing and hearing about the priest, people were all frightened and awestruck saying, “Since he scorned the Hokekyō reciter, he was punished right in his present life.”

The annoyed priest went to an herbalist who tried to give the priest some medicinal treatment, but all was of no avail. The priest’s mouth became more twisted, his voice became fainter, and he was unable to speak.

Since retribution in one’s present life can be like this, the suffering and pain in one’s future life cannot be calculated, just as can be noted in the Hiyu Chapter of the Hokekyō. This story appears in the Ryōiki. (Page 118)

Miraculous Tales of the Lotus Sutra from Ancient Japan


Our Connecting to the Buddha

I can’t stress this enough that we who practice today have been given a promise that fundamentally is greater than any promise given to the contemporary disciples of the Buddha. With this promise by the Buddha those who practice today actually have a stronger more direct connection to the Buddha than those who lived during the lifetime of the Buddha. We will, by the merit of our practice of the Lotus Sutra, be able to be present with Shakyamuni, Many Treasures as well as all the replica Buddhas. For anyone who practices the Lotus Sutra to lament they were not born in the time of the Buddha some 2500 years ago it will be like saying they would rather have a lesser teaching of the Buddha than the fundamental truth of all Buddhas as revealed in the Lotus Sutra.

Lecture on the Lotus Sutra