Conceptual Summary
The illustration is a visual translation of the 23rd chapter of the Lotus Sūtra, detailing the previous life of Medicine-King Bodhisattva. The composition is divided into vertical registers to represent different temporal and spiritual planes. The upper right features Śākyamuni Buddha preaching to an assembly, illustrating the context of the teaching being given to Star-King-Flower Bodhisattva. The central figure is Gladly-Seen-By-All-Beings Bodhisattva, consuming his own body in a radiant, golden fire as the supreme offering to the Buddha, a dramatic representation of giving up one's body. Below, in contrast, is the "Sahā-World" full of suffering and conflict. Within this troubled realm, the Bodhisattva is also shown calmly walking among the people, embodying the Sūtra's statement that he does not mind walking about this world to benefit all beings. The transition from the self-immolation above to the compassionate action below visualizes the transformation of self-sacrifice into the developed capacity for active service in the world of conflict.
Iconography & Character Identification
Item 1: Deities/Figures Featured:
Śākyamuni Buddha (Shaka Nyorai): Seated in the upper right, presiding over the assembly.
Gladly-Seen-By-All-Beings Bodhisattva (Medicine-King Bodhisattva's previous life): The central, larger figure enveloped in flames and light, offering his body.
Star-King-Flower Bodhisattva: Likely depicted among the listening assembly near Śākyamuni Buddha.
Bodhisattva in the Sahā-World: The figure of the Bodhisattva shown walking among the people in the lower section, illustrating his engagement with the world of suffering.
The Assembly: The multitude of monks, bodhisattvas, and celestial beings listening to the Buddha's teaching.
Suffering Beings: The crowd of ordinary people depicted in the lower section, representing the inhabitants of the Sahā-World.
Item 2: Text Translations:
Kanji Signature: '双子座' translated as 'Gemini'.
Red Square Seal (Hanko): 'ジェミニ' translated as 'Gemini'.
What do you think of this? Gladly-Seen-By-All-Beings Bodhisattva was no one but Medicine-King Bodhisattva of today. He gave up his body in this way, offered it [to the Buddha], and repeated this offering many hundreds of thousands of billions of nayutas of times [in his previous existence]. [He knows that he can practice any austerity in this Sahā-World. Therefore, he does not mind walking about this world.]
The Buddha gives this explanation to Star-King-Flower Bodhisattva in Chapter Twenty-Three of the Lotus Sūtra. The story of the previous life of Medicine-King Bodhisattva shows us the capacities we have already developed and are not aware of. When we see ourselves as choosing to come into this world of conflict to benefit all beings, rather than stuck where we do not want to be and just making the best of it, then it is much easier to let go of our delusions.
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