Vajra Sutra: Giving Six Paramitas

As a bonus following the conclusion of Higan, Paramita Week, I offer Chinese Master Hsuan Hua’s discussion of how giving can encompasses all six pāramitās from his commentary on The Vajra Prajna Paramita Sutra


Giving is the first of the six pāramitās. There are three kinds of giving: giving wealth, giving dharma, and giving fearlessness.

The gift of wealth is a gift to the living which does not transcend the present life.

The gift of dharma may take place when you meet a living being who is free of animosity and has no desire to harm you. Then you may speak dharma and cause him to awaken to the unconditioned. If you can also cause such a living being to leave behind all fear and trembling, you are practicing the pāramitā of holding precepts within the pāramitā of giving. Or you may encounter a living being who wants to harm you, and by speaking dharma you enable him to conquer his anger and hatred. If you can enable someone who displays enmity or resentment towards you or who wishes you harm to abandon aggression, you have used the pāramitā of patience to perfect your giving.

Perhaps you tirelessly benefit people and are not the least bit lazy in teaching and transforming living beings, and enjoy speaking dharma for whomever you see. To resolve that “Whatever Buddhadharma I know I will speak for others without regard for the acceptance or rejection of my teaching” is not to fear fatigue and suffering. That is to employ the pāramitā of vigor in practicing giving.

Perhaps your speaking of dharma is extremely well-organized. You never confuse summations, scramble lists, or muddle principles. In listing the pāramitās you are able to speak them in their proper sequence: giving, holding precepts, patience, vigor, dhyāna samadhi, and prajña. If in lecturing you encounter a reference to the Five Roots and Five Powers, as for example when they appear in the Amitabha Sutra, you are able to explain them correctly as:

Faith,
Vigor,
Mindfulness,
Samadhi,
Wisdom.

Rather than confusing them and explaining them as the six dusts, such orderly correct speaking of dharma is an example of the use of the pāramitā of dhyāna samadhi in giving. If someone asks you a question and you become flustered and say, “Uhhh, I don’t know…” then your skill in dhyāna samadhi is wanting.

However, even those with samadhi need wisdom. Wisdom enhances the development of eloquence so that “left and right the source is revealed, the Way is clear and straightforward.” No matter how you speak, you reveal the essence of the principle, because your wisdom is unobstructed. That is, you use the paramita of prajña wisdom in your giving.

Thus the three aspects of giving, the giving of wealth, the giving of dharma, and the giving of fearlessness encompass the six pāramitās.

The Vajra Prajna Paramita Sutra, p120-121