QUESTION: Why is the Wonderful Dharma called the “three thousand existences contained in one thought”?

ANSWER: Grand Master T’ien-t’ai, after perceiving the “three thousand existences contained in one thought” doctrine, expounded many teachings such as the Profound Meaning of the Lotus Sūtra (consisting of ten fascicles); the Words and Phrases of the Lotus Sūtra (consisting of ten fascicles); the Samadhi of Bodhicitta; the Shōshi-kan (Introduction to Meditation); the Annotations on the Vimalakirti Sūtra; the Commentary on How to Eliminate Four Misconceptions of Body, Feeling, Mind, and Self; and the Annotations on the Doctrine of the Dhyānapāramitā; without explaining the “three thousand existences contained in one thought” doctrine. What he expounded were only the Ten Realms, the Hundred Realms, and the Thousand Aspects. However, there exists the Great Concentration and Insight, ten fascicles, which he expounded to a disciple, Grand Master Chang-an, in the summer of the fourth month when he was fifty-seven years old, at the Yü-ch’üan-ssŭ Temple in Ching-chou. What he wrote in the first four fascicles was only concerned with such doctrines as the Six Stages in the practice of the Lotus Sūtra and Buddhahood, the Four Kinds of Meditation, and not the “three thousand existences contained in one thought” doctrine. Beginning with the fifth fascicle, however, he discusses the Ten Objects Ten Stage Meditation, revealing the “three thousand existences contained in one thought” doctrine for the first time. Grand Master Miao-lê recommended this to people of the Latter Age of Degeneration, saying in his Annotations on the Great Concentration and Insight, “Grand Master T’ien-t’ai’s doctrine of spiritual contemplation is based on the ‘three thousand existences contained in one thought’ doctrine. … Those who seek his teaching must not think that there is an ultimate doctrine of T’ien-t’ai’s except this.” The numerous doctrines expounded in the 60 fascicles and 3,000 pages of writings on the Lotus Sūtra as interpreted by T’ien-t’ai (three major writings of T’ien-t’ai, 10 fascicles each, and Miao-lé’s annotations on them, also 10 fascicles each) are not enough to perceive the true intent of Grand Master T’ien-t’ai. Instead, we should master just the first several lines (on the “3 ,000 existences contained in one thought” doctrine) in the fifth fascicle of the Great Concentration and Insight.

Ichidai Shōgyō Tai-I, Outline of All the Holy Teachings of the Buddha, Writings of Nichiren Shōnin, Doctrine 3, Page 89-90

When I was banished to Sado in the northern sea, people there, both priests and laity, hated me even more than did the men and women of Sagami Province. Abandoned in the wilderness and exposed to the snow, I survived by eating grass. I felt as though I were personally experiencing the sufferings of Su-wu, who survived by eating snow while living in captivity in the land of northern barbarians for nineteen years. Or of Li Ling, who was imprisoned in a rocky cave on the shore of the northern sea for six years. I suffered this ordeal not because of any fault of my own but solely because of my desire to save the country of Japan.

However, while I was exiled in Sado Province, you, my Lady Nun, and your husband, Lord Lay Priest, avoiding the watchful eyes of others, at times brought me food by night. At other times you were both ready to give your lives for my sake without fearing punishment from the provincial officials. Therefore, though life on Sado was harsh, I was loath to leave the island, feeling as if I was leaving my heart behind, and I seemed to be pulled back with each step I took.

I wonder what kind of karmic bond we had formed in the past. Just when I was thinking how mysterious it was, you sent your most precious husband as your messenger to this distant place. I thought it must have been a dream or an illusion. Even though I cannot see you, I am convinced that your heart remains here with me. Whenever you yearn for me, Nichiren, look toward the sun which rises in the morning and the moon which appears in the evening. I will inevitably be reflected in the sun and the moon. In the next life, let us meet in the Pure Land of Mt. Sacred Eagle. Namu Myōhō Renge Kyō, Namu Myōhō Renge Kyō.

Kō no Ama Gozen Gosho, A Letter to My lady, the Nun Kō, the Nun Myōichi, Writings of Nichiren Shōnin, Volume 7, Followers II, Pages 166-167

Fascicle nine of the Words and Phrases of the Lotus Sūtra says, “The beginner is afraid that getting drawn into the myriad activities that are supporting conditions will hinder their practice of right action. At this time, they should solely uphold this sūtra which is the best kind of offering. By dispensing with other matters in order to uphold the principle they will gain enormous benefit.”

This commentary says that the supporting conditions are the first five of the six bodhisattva practices. A beginner who tries to practice them as well will hinder his own right action of faith. For instance, if a small boat overloaded with treasure tries to cross the ocean, both the boat and the treasure will sink. The phrase “solely uphold this sūtra” does not even refer to the whole sūtra but only to upholding the daimoku, not any other passages. If even reading and writing the whole sūtra is not allowed, then still less (should a beginner attempt to practice) the first five bodhisattva practices.

The phrase, “dispensing with other matters in order to uphold the principle” means to give up the observation of the precepts and other matters and only practice the daimoku, which is the principle. “They will gain enormous benefit” means, conversely, that a beginner who tries to practice everything else and the daimoku at the same time will lose all the benefits of their practice.

Shishin Gohon-shō, The Four Depths of Faith and Five Stages of Practice, Writings of Nichiren Shōnin, Faith and Practice, Volume 4, Page 105

It was night on the thirteenth day of the month. Dozens of soldiers were on guard duty around my room and in the big garden. As it was the thirteenth night of the ninth month and the moon was shining in the clear sky, I stepped out into the garden at midnight to recite the verse at the end of the 16th chapter, “The Life Span of the Buddha,” of the Lotus Sūtra several times. In addition, after briefly explaining the comparative superiority of various Buddhist schools and outline of the Lotus Sūtra, I declared to the moon:

“Are you not the Moon God who attended the assembly in which the Buddha Śākyamuni preached the Lotus Sūtra? Are you not the very Moon God who was ordered directly by Śākyamuni Buddha in the eleventh chapter, “Appearance of the Stupa of Treasures,” of the Lotus Sūtra to spread the Lotus Sūtra and protect the practicers of the Lotus Sūtra after His death? Are you not the god who was touched by the Buddha on the head three times and made a great vow to carry out the Buddha’s order without fail in the twenty-second chapter, “Transmission,” of the Lotus Sūtra? The vow you made in front of the Buddha would be mere empty words if not for the great difficulties of Nichiren and if you had no chance to carry out your vow. At this moment I am faced with such a great difficulty for the sake of the Lotus Sūtra. You should be delighted to take the place of a practicer of the Lotus Sūtra, carry out the Buddha’s order and show the evidence of your oath. It is quite unbelievable that you have not shown any sign of fulfilling your oath at the very moment when Nichiren is condemned for the sake of the Lotus Sūtra. Should there be no sign in Japan where Nichiren is sentenced to be exiled, I will not return to Kamakura even if I were to be pardoned. What happens to you, Moon God, who does not show any sign but continues to shine carefree in a clear sky? It is preached in the Sūtra of the Great Assembly: ‘The sun and moon will not shine;’ in the Sūtra of the Benevolent King: ‘The sun and moon will lose their brightness;’ and in the Sūtra of the Golden Splendor ‘The 33 gods each gets angry’ in the land where the True Dharma is slandered. What happened to you, Moon God? Why can you not respond?”

In this manner I sternly accused the Moon God. Perhaps because of this a star looking like Venus suddenly came down from the heaven and perched on a branch of a plum tree in the front garden. The soldiers on guard duty were all astonished at its sight and jumped off the veranda. Some crouched in the garden, while others ran and hid themselves behind the house. Soon the whole sky became dark, strong winds began to blow, and the horrible sound of the howling sea of Enoshima Island echoed in the sky as loudly as huge drums.

Shuju Onfurumai Gosho, Reminiscences: from Tatsunokuchi to Minobu, Writings of Nichiren Shōnin, Biography and Disciples, Volume 5, Pages 30-31

QUESTION: Various sūtras other than the Lotus Sūtra also state that an evil person can become a Buddha. It is preached in the Flower Garland Sūtra that five hundred evil people such as Devadatta will become Buddhas in the future. The Fuchō Zammai Sūtra states that an evil king, Ajātaśatru, will become a Buddha in the future and in the Sūtra of Mahāyāna Dhārani is the story of Vāsudeva, who had gone to hell because of his evil deeds but was guaranteed future Buddhahood. As for the enlightenment of women, the Bosatsu Shotai Sūtra says that any woman can become a Buddha. As for the enlightenment of beasts and birds, the Agama sūtras say that a pigeon will be a Buddha in the future. The enlightenment of the Two Vehicles is mentioned in the Sūtra of Mahāyāna Dhārani and the Heroic Valor Sūtra. The enlightenment of bodhisattvas is mentioned in such sūtras as the Flower Garland Sūtra. As for rebirth in the Pure Land by ordinary people bound by evil passions, the Sūtra of Meditation on the Buddha of Infinite Life says that even “the lowest grade in the lowest class” will be reborn in the Pure Land of the Buddha of Infinite Life, no matter how serious one’s sin is. As for a woman turning into a man, the Sūtra of the Buddha of Infinite Life states in the thirty-fifth of its forty-eight vows that a woman can turn into a man by reciting the name of the Buddha of Infinite Life and be reborn in the Pure Land. How are these enlightenments thus revealed in these various provisional sūtras different from the assurance of future Buddhahood of the Two Vehicles, a dragon girl, Devadatta, and bodhisattvas in the Lotus Sūtra? Also, there is no doubt that they all attain Buddhahood in these various sūtras even though there are some differences between them and the Lotus Sūtra. What do you think of this?

ANSWER: It is easy to answer your question based on the teachings passed down to me which I hold dear. After hearing my answer, you will clearly see that the Lotus Sūtra is superior to the various other sūtras and determine whether or not it is indeed possible to become Buddhas in those sūtras. However, I cannot write this down on paper because it is the secretly treasured doctrine of the Buddha.

Ichidai Shōgyō Tai-I, Outline of All the Holy Teachings of the Buddha, Writings of Nichiren Shōnin, Doctrine 3, Page 88-89